The world’s largest technology companies are tapping debt markets and raising equity to bolster AI infrastructure, marking a shift for Silicon Valley firms that typically relied on cash to fund their investments.
Alphabet, Amazon, Microsoft and Meta signalled in April that spending on AI would not slow down. Tech giants’ combined spending is now set to exceed US$730 billion this year, up from about US$700 billion previously.
The AI boom has entered a “more dangerous phase,” marked by exponentially rising investments in physical infrastructure and growing reliance on outside capital, according to an analysis by Bridgewater Associates in February.
SpaceX
SpaceX is looking to raise about US$10 billion in bank loans and US$30 billion in investment-grade debt to buy Nvidia chips, the Financial Times reported.
Apollo Global Management is expected to lead the deal and help place the debt with a broad range of investors, with bond fund Pimco among a small group of lenders in talks to provide financing, the report said.
CEO Elon Musk said during SpaceX’s August earnings call that the company would exclusively build on Nvidia going forward because “we think the Vera Rubin architecture is the best.”
| Particulars | Value |
|---|---|
| Debt outstanding | US$25.03 billion |
| Cash and cash equivalents | US$93.52 billion |
| Next bond payment | US$700 million due on December 15, 2027 |
Amazon
Amazon.com is looking to raise at least US$25 billion from the U.S. bond market, Bloomberg News reported in July, citing people familiar with the matter.
The tech giant filed for an eight-part offering of floating and fixed-rate notes, according to a regulatory filing. Amazon is issuing senior unsecured bonds, with maturities ranging from three to 40 years, as per a term sheet seen by Reuters.
In June, the company disclosed in a regulatory filing that it has issued $14 billion of Canadian dollar-denominated notes, marking a record size for the Canadian corporate bond market.
It is also preparing to issue a six-part bond offering in Swiss franc denomination for the first time, a person familiar with the matter had told Reuters in May.
Separately, the e-commerce giant is looking to raise about US$37 billion in an 11-part bond sale, according to a term sheet seen by Reuters in March.
| Particulars | Value |
|---|---|
| Debt outstanding | US$162.47 billion |
| Cash and cash equivalents | US$78.21 billion |
| Next bond payment | US$2 billion due on April 13, 2027 |
Nvidia
Nvidia in June said it would raise US$25 billion through a U.S. bond issuance, as it taps the debt market to increase liquidity for the first time since 2021.
The bond consists of seven tranches of notes, maturing as late as 2056, according to a term sheet seen by Reuters.
| Particulars | Value |
|---|---|
| Debt outstanding | US$32.50 billion |
| Cash and cash equivalents | US$13.24 billion |
| Next bond payment | US$1.25 billion due on June 15, 2028 |
Salesforce
Cloud software provider Salesforce in March said it has priced a US$25 billion debt offering to help fund a major share buyback. The company announced a US$50 billion repurchase program and lifted its dividend by 5.8 per cent in February.
The company had last issued U.S. bonds in 2021, securing US$8 billion to support its acquisition of communication platform Slack.
| Particulars | Value |
|---|---|
| Debt outstanding | US$33.50 billion |
| Cash and cash equivalents | US$8.94 billion |
| Next bond payment | US$3.50 billion due on March 15, 2028 |
Oracle
Oracle in February said it expects to raise US$45 billion to US$50 billion in 2026 in a combination of debt and stock to build additional capacity for its cloud infrastructure.
The cloud company was sued in January by bondholders who said they suffered losses because the company failed to disclose it needed to sell significant additional debt to build out its AI infrastructure.
In September 2025, the company, chaired by Larry Ellison, filed to raise about US$18 billion in debt in a six-part offering to fund AI infrastructure, after investing billions in 2025.
| Particulars | Value |
|---|---|
| Debt outstanding | US$120.50 billion |
| Cash and cash equivalents | US$31.29 billion |
| Next bond payment | US$2.25 billion due on April 1, 2027 |
Alphabet
Alphabet is looking to raise between US$20 billion and US$25 billion from its latest U.S. bond offering, a source familiar with the matter told Reuters. The company is offering notes in as many as 10 parts, a regulatory filing showed.
The offering comes two weeks after the Google parent raised its 2026 spending forecast and highlighted plans for increased AI-related investments amid growing investor scrutiny of returns on such spending.
In June, the company said it was looking to raise US$80 billion in equity offerings, including an investment from Berkshire Hathaway. It increased the size of its equity offerings to US$84.75 billion after seeing strong investor demand.
The deal brings in Warren Buffett’s diversified holding company as a major new investor, adding a high-profile endorsement of Alphabet’s long-term AI and cloud strategy.
Alphabet also plans to sell Japanese yen-denominated bonds for the first time, it disclosed in a filing in May. The issuance is expected to total several hundred billion yen, a source with direct knowledge of the deal said.
The tech giant sold a rare, 100-year bond worth 1 billion pounds (US$1.35 billion) in February, as part of a global US$31.51 billion debt raise. The company sold 5.5 billion pounds worth of sterling bonds in a five-part deal, according to the final term sheet seen by Reuters.
It had in November last year filed to raise US$17.50 billion in debt in the U.S. and 6.5 billion euros (US$7.50 billion) in Europe, for general corporate purposes, including the payment of outstanding debt.
| Particulars | Value |
|---|---|
| Debt outstanding | US$126.02 billion |
| Cash and cash equivalents | US$55.91 billion |
| Next bond payment | US$1 billion due on August 15, 2027 |
Verizon
The U.S. carrier had in November last year filed to raise about US$11 billion in the corporate bond market to help fund its US$20 billion acquisition of fiber-optic internet provider Frontier Communications, which it closed in January.
| Particulars | Value |
|---|---|
| Debt outstanding | US$145.01 billion |
| Cash and cash equivalents | US$1.75 billion |
| Next bond payment | US$1.75 billion due on March 16, 2027 |
Meta platforms
The Facebook owner had in October last year filed for its largest bond offering ever, of up to US$30 billion, to finance a costly AI infrastructure expansion.
Meta has been navigating significant cost pressures from AI investments, boosting its capital spending plans by 73 per cent this year to offer personalized AI to its large social media user base.
| Particulars | Value |
|---|---|
| Debt outstanding | US$84 billion |
| Cash and cash equivalents | US$15.46 billion |
| Next bond payment | US$2.66 billion due on August 15, 2027 |
SOURCE: Data compiled by LSEG; SEC filings
(Reporting by Anhata Rooprai, Zaheer Kachwala, Johann M Cherian, Harshita Mary Varghese and Prathik Jayaprakash in Bengaluru; Editing by Leroy Leo, Arun Koyyur, Anil D’Silva, Sahal Muhammed, Shilpi Majumdar and Jonathan Ananda)
